Contents.Early and personal life Stephenie Meyer was born on December 24, 1973 in, the second of six children to financial officer Stephen Morgan and Candy Morgan, a homemaker. Meyer was raised in and attended in. In 1992, Meyer won a, which helped fund her undergraduate studies at in, where she received a in English Literature in 1997. Although she began and finished her degree at BYU, she took classes at in fall 1996 and spring 1997. Meyer met her husband, Christiaan 'Pancho', in Arizona when they were both children. They married in 1994, when Meyer was 21.

Download Free Aisc Steel Manual Shapes Total Fitness. 14.0 Keygen Download Free Stephenie Meyer Midnight Sun Italiano Pdf To Jpg. Meyer has decided to pursue non- Twilight related books as a result of the leak. She made the rough chapters of Midnight Sun available on her website. In 2015, she published a new book in honor of the 10th anniversary of the best-selling franchise, titled Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined, with the genders of the original protagonists switched.

Together they have three sons. Christiaan Meyer, formerly an auditor, retired to take care of the children.Meyer had little experience as a writer before writing her first novel,.

She had considered going to law school because she felt she had no chance of becoming a writer; she later noted that the birth of her oldest son Gabe in 1997 changed her mind, saying, 'Once I had Gabe, I just wanted to be his mom.' Before becoming an author, Meyer's only professional work was as a receptionist in a property company. The Twilight series The Twilight novels.

Main article:According to Meyer, the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003 about a human girl and a who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood. Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what became chapter 13 of the book. She wrote from chapter 13 to the end of the novel and then backfilled the first 12 chapters, in secret, without an ideal audience in mind or the intention to publish the novel.

Meyer researched the Native Americans to include their legends and traditions in the novel; the only fictional tradition includes the rivalry with vampires. She joined the American Night Writers Association (ANWA) for aspiring LDS female writers. In three months she had transformed the dream into a complete novel.

Her sister's response to the book was enthusiastic and she persuaded Meyer to send the manuscript to literary agencies.Of the 15 letters she wrote, five went unanswered, nine brought rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer of Writers House. Eight publishers competed for the rights to publish Twilight in a 2003 auction. By November, Meyer had signed a $750,000 three-book deal with. Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run of 75,000 copies.

Bimonthly books signings and events at the Changing Hands Bookstore in early in her writing career helped cultivate her fanbase. Twilight reached No. 5 on for Children's Chapter Books within a month of its release, and later rose to #1.

The novel was named the Best Book of the Year and a Editor's Choice. Despite its success, Twilight was one of the most challenged books of 2009 according to the American Library Association for being sexually explicit, being age-inappropriate, and for religious views; some schools and libraries were asked to remove the books from their shelves.Upon publishing Twilight, Meyer had already outlined a story for a sequel. However, her publisher insisted that she follow Twilight with two sequels following Bella and Edward in college. Consequently, Meyer expanded the story into a series with three more books: (2006), (2007), and (2008). The original story she pitched for the sequel would later be published in Breaking Dawn. Meanwhile, Meyer wrote a short story 'Hell on Earth', about demons at prom night which was published in April 2007 in, a collection of stories about bad prom nights with supernatural effects.

Meyer's fans urged her to expand 'Hell on Earth' into a full novel, but Meyer was occupied finishing Eclipse.In its first week after publication, New Moon reached No. 5 on The New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the No. 1 position, where it remained for the next 11 weeks.

In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list. In May 2007, Meyer held two promotional prom events at an Arizona State University gymnasium to celebrate the special edition release of New Moon and the release of Eclipse.

For the event, Meyer wore a blood-red evening gown and signed over 1,000 books. Meyer's red dress was later auctioned for $5,500 at a fundraiser for a book seller's battle with breast cancer called Project Book Babe.After the release of Eclipse, the first three 'Twilight' books spent a combined 143 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list. The fourth installment of the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies.

Over 1.3 million copies were sold on the first day. The novel won Meyer a for Children's Book of the Year, despite competition from 's. In 2009, Meyer faced plagiarism accusations for Breaking Dawn.

Author of The Nocturne, Jordan Scott, claimed the circumstances around Bella's supernatural pregnancy and subsequent transformation into a vampire were similar to the storyline of her novel and indicated that Meyer plagiarized the plot of The Nocturne. Meyer dismissed the accusation, claiming she had not heard of the writer nor the novel. Scott failed to produce a copy of the novel to support her accusation; The Nocturne is not available on Amazon and is listed as 'temporarily sold out' on her website.The series has sold over 100 million copies worldwide in 37 languages. In 2008, the four Twilight books were in the top four spots on 's year-end bestseller list. Meyer was the bestselling author of 2008, and the first author to have books in all four of the top-selling spots. The Twilight novels held the top four spots on 's year-end list again in 2009. The success of the Twilight series has been attributed to the Internet which allowed Meyer to directly reach out to her fans, leading the series to be called 'the first social networking bestseller.'

According to scholar Lykke Guanio-Uluru, the Twilight series 'popularized and helped redefine, the paranormal romance subgenre'. Twilight saga films. Main article:In 2004, Paramount's and Maverick Films optioned Twilight before the book was published in order to maximize its potential profits.

The written script deviated greatly from the novel. However, the film was put into. In 2006, president of, attempted to make a deal with Meyer by assuring her that the film would be true to the novel and that 'no vampire character would be depicted with canine or incisor teeth longer or more pronounced than may be found in human beings.'

In 2007, the rights were sold to. Was chosen to direct the film and wrote the new script. Was cast first as and was cast as after an audition with Stewart and Pattinson revealed they had good chemistry. Plays the role of. Released on November 21, 2008, the film received favorable reviews; called the film, 'lush and beautiful' and said it was, 'wildly enjoyable'. The film was a box-office success and became the fourth-highest grossing November opening weekend release up to that time.

Meyer makes a brief cameo appearance in a diner scene. The same year Meyer began her work in film with music video 'The Resolution' which she co-directed with Noble Jones.Following the success of Twilight, Summit greenlit a film adaptation of the sequel,. Each novel adaptation was headed by a different director, chosen by Summit in order to provide each film a different atmosphere already existent in the novels. Directed New Moon, which was released on November 20, 2009.

On opening night, New Moon broke the record for the highest single-day domestic gross on opening day which had previously been set. Despite its commercial success, the film received poor reviews; Roger Ebert criticized the slow pace of the film and Tim Robey of The Telegraph similarly said, 'the movie gives us all the requiste looks of tortured longing, and not a lot else'. Directed by, an adaptation of the third book in the series, was released on June 30, 2010. An article from The Guardian reported that it was the best film of the series according to critical consensus for being more 'cinematic' and striking a better balance between romance and the supernatural. However, an article from The Telegraph, rebutted The Guardian 's claim, arguing that Twilight remined the best film in the series due to the 'entirely straight-faced contrast between the forces of eternal darkness and the rigors of high school'. Having already obtained the rights to Breaking Dawn, Summit approved a two-part adaptation.In 2011, Meyer started her own production company, Fickle Fish Films, with producer Meghan Hibbett. Meyer spent much of 2011 producing both parts of Breaking Dawn as well as of 's novel.

The was released on November 18, 2011, and the on November 16, 2012. Part one of the film received mixed reviews. Part two of the film received more positive reviews with Roger Ebert calling the ending, 'sensational'. Critics also praised the acting, particularly that of Stewart.The Twilight Saga was successful in the box office. With a combined budget of $373 million, the five-film series earned $3.341 billion worldwide. Despite the commercial success, the films were extensively criticized.

Breaking Dawn: Part II won seven (Razzie awards) including Worst Picture, Worst Sequel, and Worst Screen Couple (for Taylor Lautner and Mackenzie Foy). The series spawned two: and which were critical failures.In 2009, Stephenie Meyer was included in the Celebrity 100 list of the world's most powerful celebrities, entering at No. Her annual earnings exceeded $50 million. The same year, Meyer was ranked No. 5 on Forbes ' list of 'Hollywood's Top-Earning Women', the only author on the list, and it was noted that the ' Twilight series of young-adult vampire books have taken the publishing and film worlds by storm.'

In 2010, Forbes ranked her as the No. 59 most powerful celebrity with annual earnings of $40 million. Meyer in 2009 Subsequent Twilight publications In August 2009, USA Today revealed that Meyer broke J.

Rowling's record on their bestseller list; the four Twilight books had spent 52 straight weeks in the top 10. In all, the books have spent more than 235 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list. Upon the completion of the fourth entry in the series, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would be the final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective. In 2015, she published a new book in honor of the 10th anniversary of the best-selling franchise, titled, with the genders of the original protagonists switched.On March 30, 2010, it was announced that Meyer had written a 200-page novella. The book was released on June 5, 2010, by Atom and was available for free between June 7 and July 5 on the official website.

Following the release of The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, Stephenie Meyer donated $1.5 million to the American Red Cross Relief Fund to aid victims of the earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. Those who took advantage of the free ebook were also encouraged to make donations to the Red Cross.was to be a companion novel to the series, intending to be a retelling of the events of the novel Twilight, but from the perspective of Edward Cullen. Meyer had hoped to have Midnight Sun published shortly after the release of Breaking Dawn, but after an online leak of a rough draft of its first 12 chapters, Meyer chose to delay the project indefinitely. Upset by the release of a draft she called 'messy and flawed', Meyer decided to pursue books unrelated to Twilight as a result of the leak. She made the unedited and unfinished manuscript of a lengthy character development exercise of Midnight Sun available on her website.The release of Midnight Sun was tentatively re-planned after re-visiting the Twilight series with Life and Death, a gender-swapped retelling of the novel in 2015. However, the release of in 2015 halted and soured Meyer's plans to release the Midnight Sun because Grey was also told from the male perspective. Meyer stated in a New York Comic-con panel that it was 'a literal flip the table moment', admitting that ' Midnight Sun is kind of cursed'.

This led to the novel being on indefinite hold. According to an article from The Guardian in 2018, Midnight Sun was 'no longer in the pipeline'. However, in May 2020, it was announced that Midnight Sun would be released on August 4, 2020.Meyer mentions having several other book ideas on file, including a ghost story titled Summer House, a novel involving time travel, as well as another about mermaids.

Adult fiction publications The Host In May 2008, Meyer's adult sci-fi novel, was released by the adult division of Little, Brown and Company. It follows the story of Melanie Stryder and Wanderer, a young woman and an invading alien 'soul', who are forced to work as one. The Host debuted at No.

1 on The New York Times Best Seller list and remained on the list for 26 weeks. Despite having expressed intention to write a trilogy, with the second and third books being called The Soul and The Seeker, respectively, Meyer has not published any follow-up novels to The Host as of 2019.In April 2009, Meyer took part in Project Book Babe, a benefit designed to help pay her friend Faith Hochhalter's medical bills after Hochhalter was diagnosed with breast cancer. Meyer donated many advance reader copies and original manuscripts for auction.The Host was adapted into a with directing and starring as Melanie Stryder, as Jared Howe and as Ian O'Shea. The film was released on March 29, 2013, to generally negative reviews. It received poor critical reviews and was a box office flop compared to the Twilight series films. The Chemist and television productions In late 2015, it was announced that Meyer was producing a based on 's book,.

Despite having purchased the rights for the novel with her production company, she left the project shortly after filming due to creative differences.In July 2016, Little, Brown and Company announced that Meyer has written an adult action thriller titled The Chemist, about 'an ex-agent on the run from her former employers'. The book was released on November 8, 2016.

In 2018, it was announced that Meyer's production company Fickle Fish would be working with Tomorrow Studios to produce a television series based on The Chemist. Reception. Meyer on her book tour for Eclipse in 2007The reception of Meyer and her novels has been mixed. Has stated that Meyer is 'the world's most popular vampire novelist since ', while described her as an 'imaginative storyteller, a prolific author and a newly powerful figure in the publishing market.'

Wayne Janes of the agreed, saying 'Meyer's success points up another trend—the virtual domination of the best-seller lists the last few years by what would normally be classified as young adult fiction,' and noted, 'In the absence of a new Harry Potter adventure, teens, fantasy enthusiasts and women (sales are mostly to females) who swoon at the idea of a virginal -ish vampire made Meyer the go-to gal for chaste love.' Tymon Smith of has described her as the 'superstar of young adult fiction'.Meyer was named one of Lifestyle's 'Most Influential Women of 2008' where she was described as a 'literary luminary'. She was also ranked No.

49 on Time magazine's list of the '100 Most Influential People in 2008', and was included in their list of 'People Who Mattered', with author noting, 'Maybe Americans aren't ready for a Mormon presidential nominee yet. But they're more than ready to anoint a Mormon as the best-selling novelist of the year.' She was ranked No. 82 on Vanity Fair's list of the 'Top 100 Information Age Powers' of 2009. Meyer was featured in an issue of the biographical comic Female Force, a title which celebrates influential women in society and pop culture. Meyer was the second bestselling author of the decade, according to a list published by, beaten by J. Rowling.Despite Meyer's success, her novels have been highly criticized.

The New York Times called the premise of Twilight 'attractive and compelling'; however, the review continues, 'the book suffers at times from overearnest, amateurish writing', indicating that Meyer's relied too much on 'telling' rather than 'showing' and that there were excessive references to Edward's attractiveness and Bella's swooning. An article from The Guardian criticized Bella's character, calling her 'a clumsy, selfish nincompoop with the charisma of a boiled potato' and criticized Edward's portrayal as the 'perfect little gentleman' who constantly counters Bella's sexual advances. NPR criticized the novel for being a repetitive 'jackhammer' masked behind ornate language.

Furthermore, they found the story uninteresting and the main character unlikeable. Entertainment Weekly stated that the narrative of Breaking Dawn was at times so chaotic and outrageous that Meyer shifted the point of view to Jacob Black which only toned down the mayhem of the plot for so long.Novelist said, 'Stephenie Meyer writes with luminous clarity, never standing between the reader and the dream they share. She's the real thing'. In an interview with, author said, 'Stephenie Meyer has gotten people hooked on books, and that's good for all of us.'

Comparing Meyer to J. Rowling, stated: 'The real difference is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn. She's not very good'. King went on to say that the appeal of her books were because, 'she's opening up kind of a safe joining of love and sex in those books.' American religious history scholar had mixed reactions to Meyer's novels. On the one hand, she found the which influences her works at times beautiful and complex. Additionally, she stated that her stories are imaginative.

However, she qualifies Meyer as a gifted storyteller, not a gifted writer, noting numerous technical flaws in her novels. Furthermore, Riess criticized the 'retrogressive gender stereotypes' in Meyer's novels. Fan following Meyer has gained a following among young adult readers of her Twilight novels, which are set in the small town of on the in. Forks has thus received attention from fans, and celebrates 'Stephenie Meyer Day' on September 13, the date of character Bella Swan's birthday. Meyer's fans her book characters, write ' related to the stories, and attend book signings. Extreme fans are known as 'Twihards'.Inspired by Meyer's Twilight series, evolved a genre of called 'Twi-rock', similar in purpose to inspired by J.K.

Rowling's Harry Potter series. Examples of these Twilight-themed bands include the Bella Cullen Project, Twilight Music Girls, Be Safe Bella, Bella Rocks, and the Mitch Hansen Band. The Mitch Hansen Band wrote the song 'By You' in hopes that it would be included on the New Moon film soundtrack. An unofficial Twilight themed fan convention called was organized in Dallas, Texas in summer 2009 which included 'Twi-rock' band performances, a Volturi Ball, panels, workshops, and vendors.Originally an online novelized 'fan-fiction' of the Twilight series, the novel by loosely explores the relationship between the main characters, had they not remained celibate before marriage. Though the publisher claims the novel is 'original and no longer based on Twilight,' James did not receive copyright authorization to write the novel and some have argued that Fifty Shades of Grey may be a copyright infringement. Though Meyer has stated that the novel is 'too smutty' and does not interest her, she has not filed a copyright claim.

Style and influences Style Meyer alters her style or voice depending on her purpose. For example, in her short story 'Hell on Earth', her writing depends less on ornate descriptions found in the Twilight series, relying more on the dialogue alone. Meyer also relies on detailed descriptions in her novels, particularly the Twilight series, where she describes in great detail, Bella's sensory experiences. Meyer avoids the use of passive voice and often opens her sentences with the most important information, captivating the audiences. A stylistic focus of her novels is character development as she allows the actions and interests of her characters to define them.

In New Moon, as Bella is largely on her own, Meyer uses chapter titles to, 'offer the reader a deeper insight into Bella's psyche'. After the release of Twilight, Meyer was criticized for writing with 'all plot and no style', for including 'very little characterization', and for her 'fairly poor writing.' Meyer develops complex characters and relationships throughout her novels which she describes through action, dialogue, and facial expressions. Meyer often portrays the inner feelings and motivations of characters through facial expressions rather than explicitly telling it.

In Twilight, Meyer makes allusions to canonical texts such as the,. Meyer writes her novels while listening to various genres of music which she uses to develop the individual style of her novels. A corpus stylistics analysis of the Twilight saga revealed that much of Meyer's description and characterization revolved around the physical attributes of the characters as shown through eyes, face, and expression.

Some of Meyer's most frequent descriptions related to eye color and expression, the juxtaposition of warmth and cold, and the development of a gloomy or gothic atmosphere with the words 'black' and 'dark'. The study authors concluded that the predictability and superficiality of Meyer's descriptions indicate that Meyer's writing style is unexceptional and the success of her novels was related more to clever marketing.

The influenced Meyer more than any other book.Meyer is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and does not drink alcohol, drink coffee, smoke, or watch R-rated movies. Similarly, there is no drinking and smoking in the novels. Despite pressure to include a major sex scene, Meyer was adamant against including graphic sex in her series. According to Lev Grossman of Time, some of the series' appeal is due to its lack of sex and its eroticizing of. As a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Meyer acknowledges that her faith has influenced her work. In particular, she says that her characters 'tend to think more about where they came from, and where they are going, than might be typical.'

Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be influenced by her religion, or to promote the virtues of sexual abstinence and spiritual purity, but admits that her writing is shaped by her values, saying, 'I don't think my books are going to be really graphic or dark, because of who I am. There's always going to be a lot of light in my stories.' Growing up, Meyer's life and family revolved around The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

They were involved in their community and a young Meyer met her future husband at church. She studiously read the Book of Mormon, citing the book as having 'the most significant impact on her life.'

However, Meyer dislikes when media constantly mentions her religion, claiming that the press does not emphasize the religions of other authors.Meyer is cited as having helped bring The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints more into the mainstream by books The Mormon People: The Making of an American Faith by Matthew Bowman and LDS in the USA: Mormonism and the Making of American Culture by Lee Trepanier and Lynita K. Feminism According to an article from The Guardian, Meyer considers herself a feminist. Meyer has stated that, 'the world is a better place when women are in charge.' Additionally, she supported the massive success of Catherine Hardwicke, the director of Twilight and appreciated working with a nearly all-female production for Austenland. Meyer has explained that her definition of feminism is the ability for a woman to choose and the definition of anti-feminism is removing the choice, whether it fits gender stereotypes or not, from the woman entirely. She continued that some modern feminists contradict their message of equality for women by limiting or shaming certain women's choices.

Furthermore, she stated that women who choose to stay home or have children are particularly criticized and that limitations on what women can do are anti-feminist in nature. Women's studies scholar Donna Ashcraft argues that Meyer is not a feminist, by definition, because her novels encourage traditional gender roles. However, although Ashcraft qualifies Meyer as traditional or nonfeminist, she clarifies that Meyer is not antifeminist.However, Meyer has been criticized by who consider Meyer an writer. They say that the series romanticizes a physically abusive relationship, pointing to red flags that include Bella's entire life revolving around Edward; never being in control of her own life; being absolutely dependent on Edward's ability to protect her life, her virginity, and her humanity; and the physical injuries Bella suffers from finally consummating her relationship with Edward. Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, saying both that the books center around Bella's choice, and that her persona is due only to her humanity.Noah Berlatsky of The Atlantic, in contrast, found Meyer's characters to be heroic. He continued that Meyer is a different kind of feminist that values motherhood, romance, and relationships and consequently, her characters lack the autonomy that comes from avoiding investment in relationships.

After being asked in an interview with The Guardian whether she is anti-abortion, Meyer refused to directly answer the question, insisting that she does not like to talk about politics and that she abhors when celebrities use their popularity to influence voters. Berlatsky argues that her refusal to answer the question was not to avoid revealing her political position, but rather out of 'respect for women's lives and women's choices'.